Translation and Meaning of: 問う - tou

The Japanese word 問う (とう, tou) carries deep meanings and specific uses that often go unnoticed by beginner students. If you've ever wondered how Japanese people express formal inquiries or investigations, this article will clarify not only the meaning of 問う but also its cultural context and practical applications. Here at Suki Nihongo, we explore every detail so you can understand this word beyond the superficial translation.

Meaning and usage of 問う

問う is a verb that means "to ask," "to question," or "to investigate," but with a more formal and serious nuance than the simple 聞く (kiku). It is often used in legal, academic, or philosophical contexts, where the question carries weight or seeks a profound answer. For example, in debates on social responsibility, you might encounter phrases like 責任を問う (sekinin o tou), which means "to question responsibility."

It is worth noting that 問う is not common in everyday conversations. Its excessive use would sound artificial, as Japanese people prefer more colloquial verbs for simple questions. However, in formal texts, speeches, or article titles, this word often appears, highlighting its importance in elevated s.

Origin and writing of the kanji 問

The kanji 問 is composed of two elements: 門 (gate) and 口 (mouth). This combination suggests the idea of "speaking in front of a gate", historically referencing situations where someone sought answers or permission to enter. Sources like Kanjipedia and 漢字源 confirm that this kanji was already used in classical Chinese with the same meaning of "to question".

Interestingly, 問 also appears in words like 問題 (mondai - problem) and 質問 (shitsumon - question), reinforcing its connection to the act of investigating or doubting. To memorize it, a tip is to associate the "gate" (門) with a place where you need to "ask" (口) before entering — an image that helps to cement the meaning.

Cultural and philosophical context

In Japan, 問う goes beyond its literal meaning. It reflects a cultural value of deep reflection, especially in ethical or political discussions. For example, the expression 良心に問う (ryoushin ni tou) — "to question one's conscience" — is used in contexts where someone needs to confront their own principles.

In Japanese media, 問う often appears in the titles of documentaries or articles that challenge the status quo. A recent example is the film 社会を問う (shakai o tou), which discusses structural failures in society. This usage shows how the word is connected to critical debates, unlike more neutral verbs such as 尋ねる (tazuneru).

Vocabulary

Expand your vocabulary with related words:

Synonyms and similar words

• 尋ねる (tazuneru) - Ask, inquire.
• 質問する (shitsumon suru) - To ask a question, to interrogate.
• 問いかける (toikakeru) - Addressing a question to someone.
• 問いかけをする (toikake o suru) - Make a question, pose an inquiry.
• 問い合わせる (toiawase ru) - Consult, make a consultation.
• 問い合わせをする (toiawase o suru) - Make an inquiry, ask a formal question.
• 問いかす (toikasu) - Question, challenge.
• 問い詰める (toitsumeru) - Press with questions, interrogate intensely.
• 問うる (touru) - To question, to ask (archaic form).
• 問い伝える (toitsutaeru) - Transmit a question or message.
• 問い尽くす (toitsukusu) - Clarify all doubts, inquire exhaustively.
• 問いかねる (toikaneru) - Being unable to ask, to run out of questions.
• 問い出す (toidasu) - Ask a question or request an answer.