Translation and Meaning of: 与える - ataeru

If you've ever wondered how to say "give" or "gift" in Japanese in a more formal way, the word 与える (あたえる) is one of the most useful for this context. In this article, you will discover not only the meaning and origin of this verb, but also how it is used in everyday Japanese, its correct writing in kanji, and even tips to memorize it effortlessly. Here at Suki Nihongo, the largest online Japanese dictionary, you can also find examples of ready-made sentences to include in your Anki or other spaced repetition systems.

Many people search on Google for the exact translation of 与える, its etymology, and even how to differentiate it from other similar verbs. If this is your case, get ready for a detailed explanation that goes from the pictogram to real usage situations — such as when a boss rewards an employee or when someone gives a special gift. Shall we begin?

Origin and etymology of 与える

The kanji 与, which is part of the word 与える, has an interesting history. Originally, it represented the idea of "offering" or "distributing" something, and its ancient form resembled two hands exchanging an object. Over time, this character was incorporated into Japanese with the same meaning of granting, whether something physical (like a gift) or abstract (like an opportunity).

In the Japanese language, 与える carries a more formal tone than other verbs like あげる or くれる. It is often used in hierarchical contexts — imagine a teacher handing out a certificate or a government granting benefits. This nuance is essential to avoid sounding too casual in situations that require respect.

Everyday usage and grammatical constructions

One of the most common questions about 与える is when to use it instead of synonyms. The practical rule is simple: reserve it for occasions when there is a clear hierarchy or when the act of giving carries special weight. For example: The president awarded the outstanding employee. Do you notice how it sounds more solemn than あげた?

Another valuable detail is the particles that accompany this verb. Generally, the recipient is marked by に (as in the example above), while the object given takes を. This construction even appears in fixed expressions such as 影響を与える (to influence, literally "to give influence"). In negative contexts, such as "to not give a chance," the verb maintains the same structure: チャンスを与えない.

Tips for memorization and curiosities

Want a trick to never forget how to write 与える? The kanji 与 looks like a fork holding a piece of food — perfect for "giving" something to someone! Additionally, the reading あたえる has a rhythm similar to "throw," and you can create a mental association like "throwing a present to someone." It works especially well for visual learners.

In Japanese culture, this verb appears in unexpected contexts. Did you know that in samurai mangas it is common to see phrases like とどめを与える (to deliver the finishing blow)? Or that gifting money in envelopes (お年玉) can also be expressed with 与える in formal language? These uses show how the word is rooted in both traditional and modern Japan.

Vocabulary

Expand your vocabulary with related words:

Synonyms and similar words

• 授ける (sazukeru) - Grant, bestow
• 与う (au) - Dar, fornecer
• 供与する (kyōyo suru) - Grant, bestow (formal)
• 与す (sasu) - Grant, give (usually used in archaic contexts)
• 与る (ataru) - Receive, be given (usually of something that has been granted by someone)
• 与える (ataeru) - Give, assign