Translation and Meaning of: 文語 - bungo

The expression 「文語」 (bungo) is a combination of two kanji: 「文」 meaning "text" or "writing," and 「語」 meaning "language" or "speech." Historically, 「文語」 specifically refers to the style of the Japanese language that was used in formal and literary writing until the end of World War II, being a distinct form of communication in contrast to the spoken language, known as 「口語」 (kogo).

The term 「文語」 has its roots in the Heian period (794-1185), when Japanese writing was heavily influenced by the Chinese language. During this time, the aristocratic class and scholars used a writing style that incorporated Chinese characters into Japanese, creating a hybrid system that is now recognized as the basis of bungo. This form of writing was primarily used in classical literature, official documents, and education.

The transition to 「口語」 in Japanese writing began to gain momentum during the Meiji Era (1868-1912), when Japan's modernization led to reforms in education and language. However, 「文語」 continued to be taught and used in formal contexts until the mid-20th century. Over time, the need for a written language that more closely reflected the spoken language resulted in the gradual replacement of the 「文語」 style with 「口語」, which is more accessible to the general public.

Even today, traces of 「文語」 can be found in classical literature, traditional poems, and some religious texts. While its practical use has diminished, the study of bungo remains an important part of the academic curriculum for those who venture into Japanese literary studies, offering a window into Japan's rich cultural heritage. Understanding bungo is crucial for appreciating classical works, allowing for a deeper understanding of the linguistic and cultural nuances of the time.

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Synonyms and similar words

• 文言 (bungo) - Literary style of the Japanese language, used in classical texts, with a formal and poetic focus.
• 古文 (kobun) - Ancient form of the Japanese language, referring to classical texts, but with a broader focus that can encom different styles.