Translation and Meaning of: 反乱 - hanran

Etymology and Roots

The word 「反乱」 (hanran) consists of two kanji: 「反」 and 「乱」。The kanji 「反」 (han) carries the meaning of "opposition" or "rebellion" and is used to represent the idea of resistance or something that is contrary. Meanwhile, the kanji 「乱」 (ran) means "disorder" or "confusion." Together, the kanji form the term 「反乱」, which refers to an act of revolt or insurrection, implying a break in the established order.

Definition and Usage

In contemporary use, 「反乱」 is often employed to describe movements of insurrection against established governments or authorities. It encomes a range of events that can vary from small revolts to large-scale rebellions, involving multiple participants with the intention of challenging and often overthrowing an existing power structure. Insurrection can be motivated by perceived injustices, desires for change, or political, economic, or social instability.

Origin and Historical Context

Historically, the term 「反乱」 has been used to describe numerous events throughout the ages, especially during times of transition and conflict. In Japan, for example, during the feudal period, there were several 「反乱」 such as peasant uprisings aimed at combating the exploitation by the daimyo and seeking an equitable redistribution of land. Furthermore, the concept of hanran is not limited to the Japanese historical context but is applicable in global s involving organized hostility against governments or established systems.

Variations and Related Expressions

• Rebellion (hangyaku): Refers to betrayal or desertion.
• Riots (boudou): In Japanese, it represents a disturbance or upheaval, often less organized than a 「反乱」.
• Revolution (kakumei): Although related, it is a revolution, generally with broader and transformative implications.

These variations help us better understand the flexible use of the term 「反乱」 and its nuances within the Japanese language and culture.

Understanding the deep meaning and usage of the word 「反乱」 enhances the appreciation of historical and literary texts, where references to events of rebellion and resistance appear in different scenarios and contexts.

Vocabulary

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Synonyms and similar words

• 謀反 (buhan) - Attempt of revolt or conspiring against the authority; specifically, an act of betrayal.
• 反逆 (hangyaku) - Rebellion or revolt against an established authority; connotes active betrayal.
• 反乱 (hanran) - Rebellion or uprising; it generally refers to an organized movement against a government.
• 反乱軍 (hanrangun) - Rebel army; armed forces that participate in a revolt.
• 反乱者 (hanransha) - Rebel; an individual who participates in a revolt or rebellion.
• 反乱勢力 (hanran seiryoku) - Forces of revolt; organized groups that participate in a struggle against a government or authority.
• 暴動 (bōdō) - Disturbances; it generally refers to riots or spontaneous upheavals, often violent.
• 反乱行為 (hanran kōi) - Act of rebellion; refers to specific actions taken during a revolt.