Translation and Meaning of: 下さる - kudasaru

If you are learning Japanese, you may have come across the word 下さる (くださる) at some point. This expression is essential for showing respect and gratitude, but its use can generate doubts among students. In this article, we will explore its meaning, origin, and applications in everyday Japanese, as well as tips for memorizing it correctly. Here at Suki Nihongo, our goal is to help you master like this clearly and practically.

Meaning and usage of 下さる

下さる is an honorific form of the verb くれる, which means "to give" or "to grant." The difference is that 下さる is used when someone of higher status (or worth of respect) does something for you. For example, if a teacher gives you a book, it would be appropriate to say "先生が本をくださいました" (The teacher gave me a book).

This verb frequently appears in formal situations, such as in the workplace or when interacting with older people. Its use reflects the importance of hierarchy in Japanese culture, where demonstrating linguistic respect is fundamental. It is worth noting that it is not limited to physical objects – it can be used for actions, favors, or even advice.

Origin and grammatical structure

The word 下さる has its origins in classical Japanese, deriving from the verb 下す (くだす), which carried the meaning of "to grant from above to below." This vertical aspect is still present in its modern usage, reinforcing the idea that the action comes from someone in a higher position. The kanji 下 (below) combined with さる (honorific form) illustrates this relationship well.

Grammatically, 下さる belongs to the group of irregular verbs. Its negative form is 下さいません, and the polite request form is 下さい (which many already know from expressions like "ください"). An interesting fact is that, although it seems complex, this verb follows consistent patterns when conjugated, unlike other more irregular honorifics.

Tips for memorizing and using correctly

An effective way to reinforce 下さる is to associate it with real-life situations. Imagine scenarios where you receive something from a boss, teacher, or client – these are ideal contexts to apply the term. Another tip is to practice with simple sentences before moving on to more complex structures, such as "部長がアドバイスをくださいました" (The director gave me advice).

Avoid confusing 下さる with あげる or くれる. While these are neutral, 下さる always carries a sense of respect. Pay attention also to the particle that accompanies it: it is usually が when the giver is the subject, or を for the object being given. Over time, these nuances become natural.

Vocabulary

Expand your vocabulary with related words:

Synonyms and similar words

• 授ける (sazukeru) - Grant, give (generally associated with something that is taught or ed down).
• 与える (ataru) - Give, provide (can refer to giving something tangible or intangible).
• 贈る (okuru) - Gift (usually used for presents or offerings).
• 差し上げる (sashiageru) - Offer, give (more respectful and formal way of 'giving').
• お与えになる (oataeru ni naru) - Give (honorific, used to show respect to the giver).
• お授けになる (osazuke ni naru) - Grant (honorific, emphasizes the importance of the act of teaching or giving).
• お贈りになる (ozukuri ni naru) - To gift (honorific, shows respect to the recipient).
• お下しになる (osorashiku ni naru) - Give, descend (in a more respectful and formal context).
• お出しになる (odashi ni naru) - Serve (honorific, used when offering food or drink).
• お出しする (odashi suru) - Serve (a more direct way to offer something, less formal).
• お出し下さい (odashi kudasai) - Please serve (a polite request for something to be served).
• お出し下さる (odashi ku dasaru) - To humbly request (honorific form when asking someone to serve).
• お出しいただく (odashi itadaku) - To receive something served (a humble way of receiving something from a superior).
• お下しいただく (osorashiku itadaku) - To receive something (humble, used to indicate receiving something from a superior).
• お下し頂く (osorashiku itadaku) - To receive respectfully (an even more humble and respectful way).
• お下し戴く (osorashiku itadaku) - Receive (a form that is undeniably humble and rewarding).
• お下し申し上げる (osorashiku mōshiageru) - Respectfully offering (in a formal and humble tone).
• お下し申し上げます (osorashiku mōshiagemasu) - I respectfully offer (often used in formal situations).
• お下し申し上げました (osorashiku mōshiagemashita) - I respectfully offered (past form, reference to something that was done earlier).
• お下し申し上げまする (osorashiku mōshiagemasuru) - I will respectfully offer (a more ceremonial and formal way).
• お下し申し上げましょう (osorashiku mōshiagemashō) - I will offer (indicates intention to serve in a respectful manner).